Definition of Human Rights

Human rights are the basic rights inherent in human beings, without that human rights can not live properly as John Locke human rights are the rights that are given directly by God the Creator as a natural right. In Article 1 of Law Number 39 Year 1999 on Human Rights stated that "human rights are a set of rights attached to nature and human existence as a creature of the Almighty God and is His grace that must be respected, upheld and protected by the state , law, government and every person, for the respect and protection of human dignity ". 

The scope of human rights include: 

    Personal rights: equality rights of life, liberty, security, and others; 

    Private property and the social groups where a person is; 

    Civil and political freedom to be able to participate in the government, as well as 

    Rights with regard to economic and social problems. 

Nature of Human Rights itself is an effort to maintain the safety of human existence as a whole through the action of a balance between the interests of individuals with common interests. So did the efforts to respect, protect and uphold human rights obligations and responsibilities to be shared between individuals,  (both Civil and Administrative Military Government), and the state. 

Under some formulations of human rights above, it can be deduced about the nature of some of the basic human rights, namely: 

a. Human rights need not be given, bought or in inherited, human rights are part of human automatically. 

b. Human rights apply to all people without regard to sex, race, religion, ethnicity, political opinion or social origin, and the nation. 

c. Human rights can not be violated, no one has the right to restrict or violate the rights of others. People still have rights even if a state makes laws that do not protect or violate human rights. 

Before  UN human rights concept, there are some major concepts of human rights, namely: 

a. Ham, according to the concept of Western countries 

1) Want to abandon the concept of the absolute state. 

2) Want to set up a federation of free peoples. 

3) The basic philosophy: human rights embedded in the human individual. 

4) Human rights there than the first order of the State. 

b. According to the socialist concept of human rights; 

1) lost rights of the individual and integrated in society 

2) Human rights did not exist before the State there. 

3) State the right to restrict human rights when the situation demands. 

c. Concept of human rights according to the peoples of Asia and Africa: 

1.Tidak contravene religious teachings according to their nature. 

2.Masyarakat as a big family, it means major tribute to the head of the family 

3.Individu subject to customary head-related duties and responsibilities as members of society. 

d.HAM according to the UN concept; 

The concept of human rights by a UN commission headed by Elenor Roosevelt and was officially called the "Universal Decralation of Human Rights". 

Universal Decralation of Human Rights states that everyone has: 

Ø The right to life 

Ø Independence and security agencies 

Ø The right to legal personality recognized 

Ø The right to bail in a criminal case law 

Ø The right to enter and exit the territory of a State 

Ø The right to ownership of objects 

Ø The right to freely express thoughts and feelings 

Ø The right to freedom of religion 

Ø The right to work 

Ø The right to trade 

Ø The right to education 

Ø The right to participate in the cultural movement 

Ø The right to enjoy the arts and to participate in the advancement of science. 

2.3 Issues and Enforcement of Human Rights in Indonesia 

In line with the mandate of the Constitution, Indonesia believes that the promotion and protection of human rights should be based on the principle that civil rights, political, economic, social, cultural, and development rights is one can not be split, both in the implementation, monitoring, and implementation. In accordance with Article 1 (3), article 55, and 56 of the UN Charter to promote and protect human rights should be done through a depressing concept of international cooperation based on the principle of mutual respect, equality, and the relationship between international law applicable 

Rule of law and human rights programs include combating corruption, antitrorisme, and the eradication of narcotics and dangerous drugs abuse. Therefore, the rule of law and human rights must be carried out strictly, non-discriminatory and consistent. 

The main activities of law enforcement and human rights include the following: 

    Implementation of the National Action Plan on Human Rights (RANHAM) from 2004-2009 as a national movement 

    Increase effectiveness and strengthening of institutions / legal institutions or agencies whose functions and duties to uphold human rights 

    Increased efforts to respect equality of every citizen before the law by example the head of state as well as other leaders  / obey the law and human rights are consistently and consequently 

    Improved operational activities of law enforcement and human rights in order to hold the social order so that people can walk reasonable dynamics. 

    Strengthening efforts to eradicate corruption through the implementation of the Plan, the National Anti-Corruption Action. 

    Increased enforcement against each other eradication of terrorism and abuse of narcotics and other drugs. 

    Rescue evidence in the form of documents or records the performance / State agencies as well as government agencies to support the rule of law and human rights. 

    Improved coordination and cooperation to ensure the effectiveness of law enforcement and human rights. 

    Development management system transparent legal institutions. 

    The review and improvement of the basic concepts in order to realize the legal process is now significantly simple, fast, and precise and at a low cost by all levels of society. 

Source : http://www.publiknews.tk/2013   (29 May 2017)